Hà Văn Thùy
Hung Vuong story is origin legend talked about the origin and the national building of the Vietnamese. Because this many generations of Vietnamese try to decode this fable in order to discover their ancestor. But so far no any answer really convincing and thus, the ancestor and land of Vietnamese in start time is so obscure in the legends. Now in the light of the new discovery of genetics, we have the conditions to consult together again.
Want to decode Hung Vuong legendary, we must first resolve two critical issues: one is to identify the biological origin of Hung Vuong, and two, determine the time and the location of the story takes place.
Story tell that: “De Minh is third grandchild generation of Agricultural Spirit. He borned De Nghi. De Minh patrolling the South, to Ngu Linh, to marry with Vu Tien’s daughter, born King (Kinh Duong Vuong). De Minh establishs De Nghi that make septentrional King, bestowed Kinh for Kinh Duong Vuong, managing the South, called the Xich Quy country. King married with Dong Dinh Quan's daughter named Long Spirit and born Lac Long Quan. Book “Thông giam ngoại kỷ” wrote: De Lai is De Nghi’s son. Lac Long Quan have taboo name is Sung Lam, son of Kinh Duong Vuong. King married with Au Co, a daughter of De Lai, born hundred sons (too called hundred eggs ) is the ancestor of Bach Viet. One day the King sure Au Co that: I am kind of dragon, you are the fairy, fire and water are engraver, very difficult cohabitation."
They is valedictory to each other, division 50 sons that according to mother about mountain, 50 sons according to father about Southern (have copy be about South China Sea), give primogeniture is Hung Vuong made King. Hung Vuong throne, laying country name is Van Lang (this country East to South China Sea, West to Ba Shu, North come to Lake Dongting, South to Champa country." (Dai viet su ky toan thu - Entire book of Great Viet history)
As the excerpt above: Lac Long Quan was the directly grandson of Shennong. Vietnamese people believe that his ancestor is Shennong Acute Empire. But many documents also said Chinese accept Shennong is ancestor of them. The dispute took place thousands of years. Now thanks to new genetic discoveries we can judge this case. 40,000 years ago, the climate improved, people from Southeast Asia rise to exploit the land today called China. Until 4000 BC, people living in South East Asian coastal are up 54% of the population of humanity. Owing to Lac Viet tribe (Indonesian) play a leader role about society and language, Southeast Asia person build glyceria agronomical civilization most developed in the world.
Also this time or later more or less, have groups of Mongoloid from Southeast Asian way to Ba Shu settled in northwestern China, make up Northern Mongoloid race, ancestors of the nomadic tribes in the future. Living conditions have created so they are combative tribes.
Around 5000 BC, in the valley loess of Yellow River have exposure naturally between the nomadic Mongolian and agricultural Bach Viet, born South Mongoloid race. As the hybrid person living in the community Bach Viet, the Southern Mongoloid absorb millet culture of the Bach Viet and the construction of Nguong Thieu (Yangshao) culture. Living in settlement conditions and full of food, the Yangshao people rapid increase. On Chinese land by the descendants of Shennong set management, De Lai the eldest son of De Minh King to north, from the Yellow River to the Yangtze. The second Lac Long Quan kept as part of land from the Yangtze River to the south, called the Xich Quy. Apart from the name with the scope from Ngu Linh back south, west associated with Ba Shu, east to the East Sea, almost no information about what this legend country.
I guess that the name Xich Quy is use for zone near the equator, belong the Demon asteroid's position, located in the South Southwest. That's why there is this position is according De Minh King seated in Shantung region TaiShan mountain, north eastern, belong the position of Co (箕) asteroid.
TaiShan and Source River is the largest center of Bach Viet in ancient China. Looking southwest is the land is divided of Kinh Duong Vuong, belong the Demon asteroid's position. I think that the existence of Xich Quy country is short, from De Minh devide land to the sacrifice of De Lai
This time the nomad Mongol people often violated border. De Lai set in an alliance with his brother Lac Long Quan to resist the Mongols. Around 2600 BC, the Mongols under the command of Hien Vien open the lines of attack, crossing the Yellow River occupied the Bach Viet land. In Trac Loc battle, De Lai death match, Bach Viet forces failed. This could be a fierce battle caused a division of Bach Viet people from the Yellow River basin, or back down to Southern or by boat to the sea, to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and other islands of Southeast Asia.
Southern Mongoloid race in evacuated peoples mixed blood with the indigenous strains Australoid, gradually became the majority in the population of Southeast Asia. During the occupation, the Mongols mixed blood with the natives to create a new class of Southern Mongoloid, gradually became the subject of the Chinese population.
Can assume the following story: Join the campaign battle Trac Loc on the Yellow River, Bach Viet army lead by De Lai (Si Vuu was called), including Lac Long Quan. When De Lai killed, Lac Long Quan led Bach Viet troops with their family by boat under the Yellow River to the sea, swept south. Genealogy of the Hung Temple wrote: The people of Lac Long Quan to reside in Rose Mount, Lam River, then moved to the Viet Tri to construct Van Lang country.
According to archaeological and historical document the groups of Lac Long Quan evacuees return to Vietnam is back homeland. Later, due to the expansion of who invaded, many layers of serial Bach Viet return to Vietnam and Southeast Asia. When these people return to Vietnam, mixed blood with the indigenous people makes most of Vietnamese population became South Mongoloid about 2000 BC
According to legend, Hung Vuong construct Van Lang country on large geographical areas: from the Yangtze River to the Chiem Thanh means most localities of the living Bach Viet. Think about how this legendary Van Lang country? This is a place where people understand different .
Base upon Chinese books say that So Hung Cu make king of So country over many generations the authors wrote: Van Lang country is So country in Kinh Viet area. This theory is too dependent on Chinese books and texts do not fit the story as pushed the Van Lang capital from the Bach Hac to Kinh So area. Not only that, it also shortened history of Van Lang to the Warring States period from about 2600 years to 300 years BC.
We suggest the following scenario:
Should first understand the concept of "country": at the time that country is a collection of various tribes along or close to race, proximity to the language, living in the border open. Such Xich Quy country is allied of Lac Viet tribes living in the Southern Yangtze River, Lac Long Quan as leader. To remember his father was Kinh Duong Vuong, Lac Long Quan took the name of his father set for Kinh land and Duong land. When defeated in Trac Loc, Lac Long Quan flock groups to the sea but because unknown reason, (probably the feel of a war so fierce and prolonged need a firm rear base. May also be because of their expectations about the old homeland?) He did not return to Ngu Linh but under the northeast monsoon landed in Nghe An, then up the Viet Tri. Is this a moved his capital and change national name: the new capital is Bach Hac, Van Lang instead of Xich Quy?
In the old capital Ngu Linh, the descendants of Lac Long Quan still life as the main transmission. Later, due to internal disputes, the Van Lang split up into smaller countries such as Ngo, Viet, So. So country rise powerful, Hung family a line of Lac Long Quan to come to the throne and destroyed Wu, Viet?
This is just a hypothesis but certainty Bach Hac is really early economic and cultural center of the area. Phung Nguyen bronze appeared and developed splendidly with many manship bronze drums. This can only occur in areas densely populated, with strong economies and high culture, also means the state, whether in the simple form have also shown the its effectiveness of the social . The main event proved to Van Lang state exist.
So, can decode Hung Vuong legend as follows:
Lac Long Quan is direct descendants of Shennong Acute Empire, the descendants of the Lac Viet Indonesian from Vietnam to China to stubs the land from 40,000 years ago. Lac Long Quan was a leader of that tribe Bach Viet gathered in the country from the southern Yangtze until Vietnamese center . He moved the capital to Bach Hac and change the national name of Van Lang. While his descendants still dominates the tribal domain Bach Viet’s Kinh Duong .
After the Zhou period, former Xich Quy state torn into many countries such as Ngo, Viet, So... A line of Lac Long Quan, Hung family seized power in the So country. Capital of Van Lang is the center of cultural and economic power in the region.
Saigon 8.2006
